{"id":2916,"date":"2026-10-01T09:28:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T09:28:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/?p=2916"},"modified":"2026-10-01T09:33:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T09:33:09","slug":"sodium-ion-battery-manufacturing-in","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/sodium-ion-battery-manufacturing-in\/","title":{"rendered":"Sodium-Ion Battery Manufacturing: What Changes on the Line"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-b4ce3d5c1dde22992784a2a05b5ff839 is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-800b4e77 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px;background-color:#12263a;margin-bottom:20px;padding-top:10px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19215f1e6a1396f83f0257af42631315\" style=\"line-height:1.4\">Key takeaways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:6px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_b0d245-d6:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_b0d245-d6 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_b0d245-d6 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:35px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_b0d245-d6 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:10px;color:#ef8e27;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_b0d245-d6 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_b0d245-d6 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap, .kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_b0d245-d6 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap a{line-height:1.2em;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_b0d245-d6 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_b0d245-d6 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_a2359e-59 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_a2359e-59\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Most battery manufacturing steps can carry over to sodium-ion: Electrode coating, drying, calendering, slitting, cell assembly, formation, pack assembly, joining, sealing, and testing remain broadly similar to lithium-ion production.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_9162fd-98 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_9162fd-98\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Cell-level changes mainly involve materials and process controls: Sodium-ion uses aluminum current collectors on both electrodes, hard carbon anodes, chemistry-specific cathode materials, tighter moisture control for some materials, and dedicated formation protocols.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_05b4f6-52 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_05b4f6-52\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Pack assembly requires new electrical settings: Lower cell voltage can require different series counts, module and busbar layouts, while voltage-based acceptance limits, sorting thresholds, and BMS settings need to be configured specifically for sodium-ion chemistry.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_24a362-e5 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_24a362-e5\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Lower state-of-charge storage can simplify logistics: Sodium-ion cells can typically be stored and shipped at a much lower state of charge, reducing stored energy during transportation and warehouse handling, although incoming inspection limits must be adapted accordingly.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_d5f343-52 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_d5f343-52\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Core pack quality processes remain largely unchanged: Joining, sealing, insulation and polarity checks, end-of-line testing, and traceability continue to be required, with electrical limits and testing parameters reset for the new chemistry.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_2fec28-c1 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_2fec28-c1\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Flexible automation helps support mixed lithium-ion and sodium-ion production: Cybernetik\u2019s pack assembly systems support multiple cell formats and module configurations, recipe-based control, cell-level OCV\/IR\/ACIR testing, inline weld verification, BMS\/TCU programming, and MES-connected traceability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-4aa813e5fc3f8f670d3243351ffe1fe7 wp-block-paragraph\">For years sodium-ion sat in the category of promising chemistry that never quite arrived. That changed in the last eighteen months. CATL launched its Naxtra sodium-ion brand in April 2025 and said large-scale cell production had begun, and a passenger car built around sodium-ion cells has since been unveiled for a mid-2026 market launch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So the question for manufacturers has shifted. It is no longer whether sodium-ion will reach production. It is what has to change on a line to build it, and how much of an existing lithium setup carries over.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The short answer is that more carries over than people expect, and the parts that do change are specific and worth understanding. This piece goes through both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why Sodium-Ion Is Getting Attention Now<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The appeal starts with materials. Sodium is abundant and widely available, and sodium-ion cells need no lithium, cobalt or nickel. For any country or company worried about supply of those materials, that alone makes the chemistry worth watching.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Performance in the cold is the other big draw. CATL describes its sodium-ion cells as operating from minus 40 to 70 degrees Celsius, and reports strong capacity retention at very low temperatures, which is exactly where lithium chemistries struggle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The trade-off is energy density. CATL reports around 175 Wh\/kg for its current sodium-ion cells and says it aims to reach parity with lithium iron phosphate within a few years. For now, sodium-ion packs are generally larger or heavier than lithium packs holding the same energy, which is why early use has concentrated where that matters less.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Headline: Much of the Line Carries Over<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sodium-ion cells are built using broadly the same steps as lithium-ion cells. Electrodes are coated, dried, calendered and slit. Cells are wound or stacked, filled with electrolyte, sealed and formed. Packs are assembled from cells using the same kinds of handling, joining, sealing and testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That familiarity is a large part of why the chemistry has been able to move quickly once the materials matured. A plant does not need to invent a new manufacturing discipline to make sodium-ion cells. It needs to adapt an existing one in a handful of important places.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those places are where the rest of this article focuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Changes at Cell Level<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Area<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>What changes with sodium-ion<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>What it means for manufacturing<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Anode current collector<\/td><td>Aluminum on both electrodes instead of copper on the anode<\/td><td>Lower material cost and weight, and a very different tolerance of deep discharge<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Anode material<\/td><td>Hard carbon rather than graphite<\/td><td>A less mature material that is harder to produce consistently at volume<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cathode material<\/td><td>Layered oxides, Prussian blue analogues or polyanionic compounds<\/td><td>Some are sensitive to moisture and air, which pushes up environmental control<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Formation<\/td><td>Different first-cycle behavior from lithium chemistries<\/td><td>Protocols have to be developed for the chemistry rather than copied<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cell voltage<\/td><td>Generally a little lower per cell, with a more sloping curve<\/td><td>Different series counts for the same pack voltage, and re-set test limits<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy density<\/td><td>Lower than lithium chemistries for now<\/td><td>Larger or heavier packs for the same energy, which suits some uses better than others<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-6d405b26dcf447cc2ea388fc9eeb8c5f wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1036\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Plant-Level-Automation.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2861\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Plant-Level-Automation.webp 1920w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Plant-Level-Automation-300x162.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Plant-Level-Automation-1024x553.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Plant-Level-Automation-768x414.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Plant-Level-Automation-1536x829.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Aluminum on both sides<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a lithium-ion cell the anode current collector is copper, because lithium reacts with aluminum at the anode potential. Sodium does not, so sodium-ion cells can use aluminum on both electrodes. Aluminum is cheaper and lighter than copper, which helps cost and weight directly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It also changes how the cell tolerates being fully discharged. In a lithium-ion cell, taking the voltage too low can start dissolving the copper collector, which damages the cell. With aluminum on both sides that failure route largely disappears, which is why sodium-ion cells can typically be stored and shipped at a much lower state of charge than lithium cells. That has real consequences for handling and logistics, covered further down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hard carbon anodes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Graphite, the standard lithium-ion anode, does not store sodium well. Sodium-ion cells use hard carbon instead, and that material is less mature. Industry reporting on the chemistry has pointed out that hard carbon production is difficult to control at volume, and inconsistency in the anode material shows up directly in cell performance and yield.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Moisture and air sensitivity<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some sodium-ion cathode materials react with moisture or air, and that sensitivity has been flagged as a source of yield problems at scale. In practice it means tighter environmental control in electrode handling and cell assembly, similar in spirit to the dry-room discipline lithium cell plants already live with, but tuned to the particular materials in use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-536d72ee07efa21469b72761fc7a1d8c wp-block-paragraph\">Anyone who has run a lithium cell plant will recognize the pattern. The environmental and yield questions around sodium-ion are variations on the ones covered in the guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/battery-cell-manufacturing-in\/\">battery cell manufacturing<\/a>, applied to a different set of materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Formation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first charge and discharge cycles set up the internal layers that decide how a cell ages, and sodium-ion cells behave differently in those cycles from lithium cells. Formation protocols therefore have to be developed for the chemistry rather than borrowed from an existing lithium process. This is one of the quieter areas where a plant converting to sodium-ion needs to invest learning time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Changes at Pack Level<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For pack assembly the changes are smaller, but they are real and they are easy to overlook if a line is treated as simply swapping one cell for another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cell voltage and series count<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sodium-ion cells generally run at a slightly lower nominal voltage than lithium cells. To reach the same pack voltage, a pack needs more cells in series. That changes module layouts, busbar arrangements and the number of joints, even when the pack looks similar from the outside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A different voltage curve<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sodium-ion cells tend to have a more sloping voltage curve than lithium iron phosphate, whose curve is notably flat through much of its range. That has a useful side effect. With a sloping curve, voltage tells you more about state of charge, which helps both battery management and any grading done on voltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-c4c04972c09f18ccd00b49e8559262b8 wp-block-paragraph\">The flip side is that every voltage-based limit on the line has to be set again for the new chemistry. Acceptance bands, sorting thresholds and state of charge checks built for a lithium cell are simply wrong for a sodium cell. How those measurements work in the first place is covered in the article on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/\">OCV, IR and ACIR testing<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Battery management settings<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The BMS needs algorithms and limits written for the chemistry: voltage windows, state of charge estimation and protection thresholds. On a line that builds both lithium and sodium packs, loading the correct configuration for each becomes an important check, because the hardware can look identical while the settings are completely different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Size and weight<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lower energy density means a sodium-ion pack holding the same energy is usually larger or heavier. That affects enclosures, mounting and handling on the line. It also shapes which applications suit the chemistry first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Shipping and Storage Get Easier<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ability to hold sodium-ion cells at a very low state of charge is more than a technical footnote. It changes how cells can be moved and stored.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lithium cells are shipped at a controlled partial charge, and they carry stored energy the whole way. Sodium-ion cells that can sit at a much lower charge carry far less stored energy in transit and in the warehouse, which reduces handling risk. For a pack plant, that has knock-on effects on how cells are received, how long they can sit, and what incoming checks need to confirm before they enter the line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It also means incoming inspection has to recognize the difference. A voltage that would flag a lithium cell as dangerously discharged may be perfectly normal for a sodium cell shipped that way on purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Does Not Change<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is worth being clear about how much stays the same, because it is a large part of why sodium-ion adoption can move quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_52d345-22:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_52d345-22 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_52d345-22 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:35px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_52d345-22 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:10px;color:#ef8e27;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_52d345-22 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_52d345-22 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap, .kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_52d345-22 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap a{line-height:1.2em;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_52d345-22 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_52d345-22 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_714a30-c4 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_714a30-c4\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Joining. <\/strong>Cells are still welded to busbars, and every joint still needs checking.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_e3c7cb-82 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_e3c7cb-82\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Sealing. <\/strong>Enclosures still have to keep water out and are still leak tested.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_5db34c-79 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_5db34c-79\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Placement checks. <\/strong>Insulation, polarity and thermal materials still need confirming before the cover closes.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_1f5fae-e8 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_1f5fae-e8\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>End of line testing. <\/strong>The structure of electrical, functional and leak testing stays the same, with limits reset for the chemistry.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_65de76-eb .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_65de76-eb\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Traceability. <\/strong>Every cell and pack still needs an identity and a build record, arguably more so on a line running two chemistries.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CATL has also said its sodium-ion packs are designed to fit standard module formats, including battery swap formats, without significant design changes for vehicle makers. Wherever that holds, the pack-level change for an assembler is smaller still.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:29px\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-503\" style=\"width: 65px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Frame-1.svg\" alt=\"\"><strong>&#8220;The future of flexible battery manufacturing lies in lines that can handle different cell formats, chemistry-specific limits, and BMS configurations without compromising traceability or production control<\/strong>.<strong>&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-luminous-vivid-amber-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-6bc6b22d4811b996eac9b48d6a42bdf4 is-horizontal is-content-justification-left is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e8523bbf wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"text-decoration:none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d9c85f36 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-thumbnail\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/minus-2-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-898\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/minus-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/minus-2-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/minus-2.webp 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cleantech.cybernetik.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/cleantech.cybernetik.com\/\">Cybernetik Cleantech Automation Team<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:34px\">See it in action<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Battery Pack Assembly Line | Cybernetik Robotic Automation\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ob0CotAiFUk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Where Sodium-Ion Fits First<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Analysts following the chemistry describe current use as concentrated in energy storage, low-range vehicles and auxiliary systems, with expansion into passenger and commercial vehicles underway. That pattern follows directly from the trade-offs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_a044d0-af:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_a044d0-af ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_a044d0-af ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:35px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_a044d0-af .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:10px;color:#ef8e27;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_a044d0-af ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_a044d0-af ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap, .kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_a044d0-af ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap a{line-height:1.2em;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_a044d0-af ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_a044d0-af kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_273f1d-f1 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_273f1d-f1\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Stationary storage, <\/strong>where weight and size matter far less than cost, safety and cycle life.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_c4298c-49 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_c4298c-49\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Low-cost and short-range vehicles, <\/strong>where a smaller pack keeps the density penalty manageable.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_6fe6cb-b5 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_6fe6cb-b5\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Cold climates, <\/strong>where low-temperature performance is worth more than energy density.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_3d5685-e7 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_3d5685-e7\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Two and three wheelers, <\/strong>which combine small packs with strong cost pressure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-d3536dd2bb0ee491560ba1b0326a5ee1 wp-block-paragraph\">That last group matters for India, where volume sits in cost-sensitive two and three wheelers and energy storage rather than long-range cars. The specific demands of those packs are covered in the piece on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/two-wheeler-e-rickshaw-battery-pack-assembly-india-in\">two-wheeler and e-rickshaw battery pack assembly<\/a>. With no reliance on imported lithium, sodium-ion is a natural candidate to watch in those segments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Living With Two Chemistries<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CATL has described sodium-ion and lithium-ion as developing in parallel rather than one replacing the other. For manufacturers that probably means lines that have to handle both, sometimes on the same floor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That puts a premium on flexibility. Lines that can take different cell formats, switch test limits and BMS settings by recipe, and keep the records of each chemistry separate will adapt to sodium-ion without major rebuilding. Lines built rigidly around one lithium cell will not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The practical risk on a mixed line is the wrong settings meeting the right hardware: a sodium cell tested against lithium limits, or a sodium pack loaded with a lithium BMS configuration. Recipe control and identity tracking are what prevent that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Building Lines That Are Ready for It<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-f3a263e167cf1cb8af091d3e989e2cab wp-block-paragraph\">Cybernetik builds <a href=\"https:\/\/cleantech.cybernetik.com\/solutions\/battery-pack-assembly.html\">battery pack assembly automation<\/a> rather than cell manufacturing equipment, so its work sits at the pack stage, which is where sodium-ion changes are smallest and flexibility matters most.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Cybernetik pack assembly capability<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Specification<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Cell formats<\/td><td>Cylindrical 18650, 21700 and 32140, plus prismatic, pouch and blade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cell diameters<\/td><td>32, 33, 35, 40, 42 and 46 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Module flexibility<\/td><td>Assembly lines adaptable to multiple module configurations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Incoming verification<\/td><td>OCV, IR and ACIR testing on every cell with robotic sorting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Joining<\/td><td>Laser and resistance welding with inline weld integrity testing on every joint<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>End of line<\/td><td>BMS and TCU programming, air leakage testing, electrical testing and laser marking<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Control<\/td><td>Unified PLC and SCADA with recipe-based operation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Traceability<\/td><td>Barcode and RFID capture with MES connectivity and process logging<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Line rate<\/td><td>Up to 6,000 cells per hour<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The parts of that specification that matter for sodium-ion are the flexible ones. Handling a wide range of cell formats and multiple module configurations lets a line take on new cells without retooling from scratch. Recipe-based control means voltage limits, sorting thresholds and BMS settings can be changed for the chemistry in use. And cell-level testing on every unit means a new chemistry is checked as carefully as the old one from the first cell onward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-fd7f0555d5a8c27ea1e0696b3f179ab6 wp-block-paragraph\">Cybernetik has been building automation for more than three decades. It is headquartered in Pune with facilities in Gujarat and Raigad and offices in the United States and UAE, and has installed over 6,000 systems in more than 30 countries, including over 400 custom robotic solutions. Battery work has been delivered for manufacturers including Hero MotoCorp, TVS Motor, Livguard and Matter. More background is on the <a href=\"https:\/\/cleantech.cybernetik.com\/about.html\">Cybernetik about page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why manufacturers choose Cybernetik<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_ca9648-66:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_ca9648-66 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_ca9648-66 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:35px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_ca9648-66 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:10px;color:#ef8e27;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_ca9648-66 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_ca9648-66 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap, .kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_ca9648-66 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap a{line-height:1.2em;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_ca9648-66 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2916_ca9648-66 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_f8f989-93 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_f8f989-93\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Format flexibility. <\/strong>Cylindrical from 32 to 46 mm plus prismatic, pouch and blade, so new cells do not mean a new line.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_a7861a-a2 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_a7861a-a2\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Limits set by recipe. <\/strong>Test thresholds and settings changed for the chemistry rather than hard-built into the equipment.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_55ba5c-1f .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_55ba5c-1f\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Every cell checked. <\/strong>OCV, IR and ACIR testing with robotic sorting on every incoming cell.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_443303-e4 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_443303-e4\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Separate records for each chemistry. <\/strong>Barcode and RFID capture with MES connectivity, keeping mixed production traceable.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_f4fde7-7b .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2916_f4fde7-7b\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>One team for the whole line. <\/strong>Design, build, installation, commissioning and support, with factory acceptance testing before dispatch.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ac152bf2f15fc4c7252137b9076b5ae4 is-content-justification-space-between is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-bcf883e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px;background-color:#12263a;margin-bottom:20px;padding-top:20px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f22099acdeda5e510eedec4b07580a36 wp-container-content-29dca9c1\" style=\"font-size:34px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4\">Want to know more about our solution?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons wp-container-content-69bc4bdf is-content-justification-right is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-88867f99 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:6;padding-right:6;padding-bottom:6;padding-left:6\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-text-align-right wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/meetings-eu1.hubspot.com\/anand-gaikar\" style=\"background-color:#ee8d26;padding-top:10px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:20px\">Book a call<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>Frequently asked questions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:14px;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #949494;border-right:0px solid #949494;border-bottom:1px solid #abb8c3;border-left:0px solid #949494;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;background:#ffffff;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);line-height:1.5em;letter-spacing:-0.1px;font-weight:400;text-transform:capitalize;color:#12263a;padding-top:14px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:16px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#12263a;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#12263a;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#12263a;background:#ffffff;border-top-color:#474747;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#474747;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#474747;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#474747;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ff6900;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#ff6900;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:#12263a;background:#ffffff;border-top-color:#abb8c3;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#abb8c3;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#abb8c3;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#abb8c3;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ff6900;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#ff6900;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #949494;border-right:0px solid #949494;border-bottom:1px solid #abb8c3;border-left:0px solid #949494;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#474747;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#474747;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#474747;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#474747;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#abb8c3;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#abb8c3;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#abb8c3;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#abb8c3;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:14px;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #949494;border-right:0px solid #949494;border-bottom:1px solid #abb8c3;border-left:0px solid #949494;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#474747;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#474747;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#474747;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#474747;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#abb8c3;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#abb8c3;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#abb8c3;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#abb8c3;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id2916_c3e046-71 kt-accordion-has-19-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-none kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane2916_21e052-e9\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Can sodium-ion batteries be made on lithium-ion production lines?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Largely, yes. The main steps of electrode production, cell assembly and pack assembly are broadly the same. The changes are specific: aluminum current collectors on both electrodes, hard carbon anodes, tighter moisture control for some cathode materials, chemistry-specific formation and re-set test limits and BMS settings.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane2916_99f4fc-fe\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Why do sodium-ion cells use aluminum on both electrodes?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because sodium does not react with aluminum at the anode potential the way lithium does, so the copper anode collector used in lithium cells is not needed. Aluminum is cheaper and lighter, and it also lets sodium-ion cells tolerate much deeper discharge, which is why they can typically be stored and shipped at a much lower state of charge.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane2916_db1883-ca\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What are the main manufacturing challenges with sodium-ion?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hard carbon anode material is harder to produce consistently at volume than graphite, some cathode materials are sensitive to moisture and air, which can hurt yield, and the supply chain is less mature than lithium\u2019s. Formation protocols also have to be developed for the chemistry rather than copied from lithium processes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-11 kt-pane2916_3547f5-39\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How does sodium-ion change battery pack assembly?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mostly through settings rather than equipment. Cells usually run at a slightly lower voltage, so packs need more in series, and every voltage-based test limit and BMS setting has to be reset. Packs are also larger or heavier for the same energy. Welding, sealing, placement checks and end of line testing all stay broadly the same.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-18 kt-pane2916_11491d-02\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Where are sodium-ion batteries being used first?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mainly in stationary energy storage, low-range and low-cost vehicles and auxiliary systems, with passenger and commercial vehicles starting to follow. The chemistry suits uses where cost, safety and cold-weather performance matter more than squeezing the most energy into the smallest space.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c645e628e62f8fbab9d9726851472d16 wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For years sodium-ion sat in the category of promising chemistry that never quite arrived. That changed in the last eighteen months. CATL launched its Naxtra sodium-ion brand&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2637,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-2916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cleantech","tag-cleantech"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sodium-Ion Battery Manufacturing: What Changes | Cybernetik<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What changes when a line moves to sodium-ion: aluminum collectors, hard carbon anodes, moisture control, voltage limits, BMS settings and easier shipping.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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