{"id":2699,"date":"2026-09-10T06:46:06","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T06:46:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/?p=2699"},"modified":"2026-09-10T06:48:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T06:48:33","slug":"ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/","title":{"rendered":"OCV, IR and ACIR Testing in Battery Production"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-b439df642ef182ec56196fa4d645bb5d is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-800b4e77 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px;background-color:#12263a;margin-bottom:20px;padding-top:10px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19215f1e6a1396f83f0257af42631315\" style=\"line-height:1.4\">Key takeaways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:6px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_a8df3e-1a:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_a8df3e-1a ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_a8df3e-1a ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:35px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_a8df3e-1a .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:10px;color:#ef8e27;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_a8df3e-1a ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_a8df3e-1a ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap, .kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_a8df3e-1a ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap a{line-height:1.2em;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_a8df3e-1a ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_a8df3e-1a kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_5d6325-6a .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_5d6325-6a\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">OCV, DCIR, and ACIR answer different cell-testing questions, covering state of charge, electrochemical resistance, and ohmic construction quality rather than serving as interchangeable measurements.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_88edfb-c3 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_88edfb-c3\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">ACIR is well suited to production sorting because it provides fast, repeatable measurements that can identify construction issues such as poor welds, weak tabs, and internal connection problems.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_9b9efa-3f .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_9b9efa-3f\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">DCIR provides a broader view of cell resistance and power capability, but its result depends strongly on pulse duration, making consistent test conditions essential when comparing cells or specifications.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_c199d9-0e .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_c199d9-0e\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Accurate resistance testing requires four-wire measurement, controlled contact conditions, temperature management, and regular reference-cell checks to prevent fixture drift from corrupting sorting decisions.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_10c24e-22 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_10c24e-22\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Cell measurements become valuable when converted into sorting bands, because grouping electrically similar cells helps reduce uneven heating and aging within the finished battery pack.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_1adb7d-3d .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_1adb7d-3d\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Automated testing and robotic sorting can test OCV, IR, and ACIR on every incoming cell, link results to cell identities, and sort cells at production rates of up to 6,000 cells per hour.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-2a2322d6c04ffcf49308d89eb7e142c4 wp-block-paragraph\">Three measurements dominate cell testing in battery production, and they are routinely treated as three ways of checking the same thing. They are not. Each answers a different question, and a cell can pass one convincingly while failing another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding what each measurement actually sees is worth doing properly, because these tests decide which cells are grouped together, and cell grouping decides how the finished pack ages for the next decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article covers what each measurement is, why alternating and direct current resistance are not interchangeable, the practical errors that corrupt them, and how results become sorting decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Three Measurements, Three Different Questions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Measurement<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>How it is taken<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>What it reveals<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Practical limit<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Open circuit voltage<\/td><td>Voltage measured at rest with no load applied<\/td><td>State of charge, gross defects, and self-discharge when tracked over time<\/td><td>Requires rest before reading, and the voltage curve is very flat for some chemistries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DC internal resistance<\/td><td>A current pulse is applied and the voltage drop measured<\/td><td>Overall resistance including electrochemical behavior<\/td><td>Value depends on pulse duration, so results are not comparable across protocols<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AC internal resistance<\/td><td>A small alternating signal, conventionally at 1 kHz, is applied<\/td><td>The ohmic part: current collectors, tabs, welds and internal connections<\/td><td>Says little about electrochemical performance or power capability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Self-discharge<\/td><td>Open circuit voltage tracked over days of rest<\/td><td>Micro internal shorts that no instantaneous measurement detects<\/td><td>Needs time, which is why aging exists<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The distinction that matters most in that table is between the two resistance measurements. They share a name and measure genuinely different properties, and confusing them is the most common technical misunderstanding in production cell testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Open Circuit Voltage<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Open circuit voltage is the potential across the cell terminals with nothing drawing current. It is the simplest measurement to take and the easiest to take badly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its primary use is establishing state of charge. Cells are shipped and stored at partial charge, and a cell arriving well outside the expected range indicates something worth investigating: a mis-shipped batch, extended storage, or a defect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two complications matter in practice. First, voltage needs time to settle. Any current flow, including the small draw of a previous measurement, leaves the cell in a polarized state and the reading drifts as it relaxes. A meaningful open circuit voltage requires rest, and rushing that produces readings that look precise and mean little.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-3f106a30ba35e9bb3d8791880072a159 wp-block-paragraph\">Second, the relationship between voltage and state of charge is not equally useful across chemistries. Lithium iron phosphate has a notably flat voltage curve through much of its range, so a small voltage difference corresponds to a large difference in charge. That makes OCV a blunt instrument for state of charge in LFP cells and puts more weight on the other measurements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"7952\" height=\"5304\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-Testing-in-Cybernetik-Battery-Lines.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2732\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-Testing-in-Cybernetik-Battery-Lines.webp 7952w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-Testing-in-Cybernetik-Battery-Lines-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-Testing-in-Cybernetik-Battery-Lines-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-Testing-in-Cybernetik-Battery-Lines-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-Testing-in-Cybernetik-Battery-Lines-1536x1025.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 7952px) 100vw, 7952px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>DC Internal Resistance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Direct current internal resistance is measured by applying a current pulse and observing the resulting voltage drop. Resistance follows from the change in voltage divided by the change in current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The subtlety is that the answer depends on how long the pulse lasts. In the first instants the response is dominated by ohmic resistance, the metal, connections and electrolyte conductivity. Over longer periods charge transfer at the electrode surfaces contributes, and over longer periods still, diffusion within the electrode does. A ten second pulse and a one second pulse on the same cell produce different resistance values, and both are correct for what they measured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That makes DCIR a rich measurement and a difficult one to standardize. Comparing figures between suppliers, laboratories or test protocols is meaningless unless the pulse conditions match, and specifications that quote internal resistance without stating how it was measured are incomplete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because it reflects the electrochemical behavior of the cell rather than only its construction, DCIR is the measurement that relates most directly to power capability, which is why it appears in characterization and development work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>AC Internal Resistance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AC internal resistance applies a small alternating signal, conventionally at one kilohertz, and measures the cell impedance at that frequency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One kilohertz is not an arbitrary choice. At that frequency the signal alternates far too quickly for diffusion or charge transfer to respond meaningfully, so what remains is essentially the ohmic component: current collectors, tabs, internal welds, terminal connections and electrolyte conductivity. The measurement effectively reports on how the cell is built rather than how it behaves electrochemically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That narrowness is exactly why production lines use it. The measurement takes milliseconds, requires no rest period, moves negligible charge and is highly repeatable. For sorting thousands of cells an hour, nothing else offers that combination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is very good at finding construction defects. A poor internal weld, a marginal tab connection or a contact problem shows up clearly as elevated AC resistance, because those are precisely the ohmic elements the measurement sees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why ACIR and DCIR Are Not Interchangeable<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This deserves stating plainly because it causes real problems in specification and in supplier disputes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AC resistance at one kilohertz measures ohmic elements. DC resistance over a pulse of a second or ten seconds measures those plus the electrochemical processes that develop over that time. The second figure is typically several times larger than the first, and the ratio between them varies with chemistry, temperature and state of charge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The practical consequences follow. A cell can show excellent AC resistance and still deliver poor power, because its electrodes rather than its connections are the limitation. Conversely, a cell with sound electrochemistry and a marginal internal weld shows elevated AC resistance while its DC behavior looks acceptable at low current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neither measurement is a substitute for the other. Production sorting uses AC resistance because it is fast, repeatable and catches the construction defects that matter for pack building. Characterization uses DC resistance because it relates to how the cell will actually perform. A specification that requires one and reports the other is describing something different from what it intended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Measurement Practice<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most cell testing problems in production are not about which measurement to take. They are about how it is taken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Four-wire connection<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cell resistance is small, and the resistance of test leads and contacts is comparable to it or larger. A two-wire measurement includes both, so it reports the fixture as much as the cell. Four-wire measurement, where current is driven through one pair of contacts and voltage sensed through another, removes lead resistance from the reading. It is not optional at these magnitudes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Contact resistance is the dominant error<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even with four-wire measurement, the contact between probe and terminal matters. Probe force, probe tip condition and surface oxide all affect the reading, and all of them change gradually with use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This produces a specific and dangerous failure mode. As probes wear and accumulate residue, contact resistance rises, measured values drift upward, and the sorting bands quietly widen. Nothing alarms, every reading looks plausible, and cells that should have been separated are grouped together. The pack still passes end of line testing and ages unevenly in the field. Monitoring the fixture, not only the part, is the defense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Temperature<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cell resistance falls measurably as temperature rises. Cells measured immediately after arriving from a cold store will read differently from cells that have equilibrated in the plant, and cells warmed by a previous process step will read differently again. Either the measurement is taken at a controlled temperature or it is compensated, and if neither is done then part of the apparent spread in results is thermal rather than real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Reference cells and calibration<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most practical verification is a set of stable reference cells measured at defined intervals. If the tester reports a different value for the same reference cell than it did last week, the tester has drifted, not the cells. This costs almost nothing and catches the drift that would otherwise be invisible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>From Measurement to Sorting<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-11919897267bc1d8c955172fa5f89d6a wp-block-paragraph\">Measurements become useful when they become decisions. Cells are sorted into bands by voltage and resistance so that groups are electrically similar, and the reason is the one that governs everything in pack building: a group performs at the level of its weakest member. This sits within the wider quality framework covered in the guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/cleantech.cybernetik.com\/blog\/battery-quality-control\">battery quality control<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mechanism is worth being concrete about. A cell with slightly higher resistance in a parallel group carries less current, which sounds harmless. In a series arrangement it drops more voltage and dissipates more heat, so it runs warmer than its neighbors, and a cell that consistently runs warmer ages faster. Over years the difference compounds until that cell limits the pack.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Band width is a design decision rather than a universal figure. Tighter bands mean better matching and more cells rejected or diverted to lower-grade applications; wider bands mean better utilization and shorter pack life. Where that line sits depends on the application, the warranty and the value of the cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Self-Discharge: The Fourth Measurement<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The three standard measurements share a limitation. All are instantaneous, and a cell with a microscopic internal short reads entirely normal on every one of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Such a cell reveals itself only through time. Tracked over days at rest, its open circuit voltage falls faster than that of healthy cells, and that rate of decay is the signature. This is why cells rest after formation before grading, and why compressing that period to release working capital carries a genuine quality cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For pack builders receiving cells from a supplier, this is a reason to treat supplier grading as information rather than as verification. The self-discharge screening happened at the cell plant, under conditions the pack builder did not observe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:29px\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-503\" style=\"width: 65px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Frame-1.svg\" alt=\"\"><strong>&#8220;Testing every cell is only the first step; automatically sorting cells by measured performance is what turns test data into consistently matched battery packs.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-luminous-vivid-amber-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-6bc6b22d4811b996eac9b48d6a42bdf4 is-horizontal is-content-justification-left is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e8523bbf wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"text-decoration:none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d9c85f36 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-thumbnail\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/minus-2-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-898\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/minus-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/minus-2-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/minus-2.webp 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cleantech.cybernetik.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/cleantech.cybernetik.com\/\">Cybernetik Cleantech Automation Team<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:34px\">See it in action<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Single Cell Sorting &amp; Module Formation | Cybernetik Robotic Automation\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-vFdrajs3Vk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why Incoming Cells Are Retested<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cells arrive with certificates. They are tested again anyway, and for good reasons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_e4fdfb-45:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_e4fdfb-45 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_e4fdfb-45 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:35px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_e4fdfb-45 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:10px;color:#ef8e27;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_e4fdfb-45 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_e4fdfb-45 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap, .kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_e4fdfb-45 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap a{line-height:1.2em;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_e4fdfb-45 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_e4fdfb-45 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_f2751a-15 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_f2751a-15\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Transit and storage. <\/strong>Cells experience temperature excursions, mechanical shock and time between the cell plant and the pack line, and none of that is reflected in a certificate issued before shipping.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_a8cb9f-14 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_a8cb9f-14\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Batch integrity. <\/strong>Mis-shipped or mixed batches happen, and grouping cells from different production lots defeats the purpose of grading.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_30bfb3-be .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_30bfb3-be\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Different bands. <\/strong>The supplier graded to their bands. The pack designer may need tighter ones, or bands defined on a different basis.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_cb498e-a5 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_cb498e-a5\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Warranty ownership. <\/strong>The pack builder carries the field failure, so the pack builder needs its own record of what entered the pack.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cell Testing in Cybernetik Battery Lines<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-dc7bd507689a7e1fe93376c5fb0fd687 wp-block-paragraph\">Cybernetik builds <a href=\"https:\/\/cleantech.cybernetik.com\/solutions\/battery-pack-assembly.html\">battery pack assembly automation<\/a> with testing and sorting integrated at the head of the line rather than treated as incoming inspection alongside it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Cybernetik cell testing capability<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Specification<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Measurements<\/td><td>OCV, IR and ACIR testing on every incoming cell<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sorting<\/td><td>Robotic sorting onto parallel conveyors by test result using SCARA arms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Throughput<\/td><td>Up to 6,000 cells per hour through testing and sorting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cell formats<\/td><td>Cylindrical 18650, 21700 and 32140, plus prismatic, pouch and blade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cell diameters<\/td><td>32, 33, 35, 40, 42 and 46 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Surface preparation<\/td><td>Plasma cleaning of terminals ahead of testing and welding<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data capture<\/td><td>Barcode scanning at entry with results written against the cell identifier<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Downstream verification<\/td><td>Vision-confirmed insulation, polarity checking and inline weld integrity testing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>System connectivity<\/td><td>MES connectivity with process logging and predictive maintenance analytics<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The detail that matters most operationally is robotic sorting onto parallel conveyors by test result. Measuring cells produces data; diverting them mechanically by result is what turns that data into matched groups. Where sorting is manual or absent, the measurement exists but the grouping decision is being made by whoever happens to pick up the next cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-b59e7ff271b3f18bd8823ff43433029f wp-block-paragraph\">Cybernetik has operated for more than three decades, is headquartered in Pune with additional facilities in Gujarat and Raigad and international offices in the United States and UAE, and has installed over 6,000 systems across 30 plus countries, including more than 400 custom robotic automation solutions. In battery manufacturing that work has been delivered for manufacturers including Hero MotoCorp, TVS Motor, Livguard and Matter. Further background is on the <a href=\"https:\/\/cleantech.cybernetik.com\/about.html\">Cybernetik about page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why manufacturers choose Cybernetik<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_173cde-55:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_173cde-55 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_173cde-55 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:35px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_173cde-55 .kb-svg-icon-wrap{font-size:10px;color:#ef8e27;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_173cde-55 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_173cde-55 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap, .kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_173cde-55 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap a{line-height:1.2em;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_173cde-55 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items2699_173cde-55 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_a72137-8f .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_a72137-8f\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Every cell tested, not sampled. <\/strong>OCV, IR and ACIR on every incoming cell, because grading is only as good as its coverage.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_6e6d6d-6a .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_6e6d6d-6a\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Sorting as a machine decision. <\/strong>Robotic diversion onto parallel conveyors by test result, so grouping follows the data rather than the operator.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_b3dec0-38 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_b3dec0-38\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Testing at production rate. <\/strong>Up to 6,000 cells per hour, so verification does not become the constraint on the line.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_4bcdf0-de .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_4bcdf0-de\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Clean terminals before measurement. <\/strong>Plasma cleaning removes the surface contamination that corrupts both test contact and weld quality.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_e1a4a6-de .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_e1a4a6-de\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Results tied to identity. <\/strong>Barcode capture at entry with measurements written against the cell identifier, which is what makes a field failure traceable.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_acd0ee-03 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2699_acd0ee-03\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_circle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"  fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><strong>Predictive maintenance analytics. <\/strong>Condition monitoring across the line, which is the mechanism for catching fixture drift before it widens the sorting bands.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ac152bf2f15fc4c7252137b9076b5ae4 is-content-justification-space-between is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-bcf883e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px;background-color:#12263a;margin-bottom:20px;padding-top:20px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f22099acdeda5e510eedec4b07580a36 wp-container-content-29dca9c1\" style=\"font-size:34px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4\">Want to know more about our solution?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons wp-container-content-69bc4bdf is-content-justification-right is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-88867f99 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:6;padding-right:6;padding-bottom:6;padding-left:6\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-text-align-right wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/meetings-eu1.hubspot.com\/anand-gaikar\" style=\"background-color:#ee8d26;padding-top:10px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:20px\">Book a call<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>Frequently asked questions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:14px;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #949494;border-right:0px solid #949494;border-bottom:1px solid #abb8c3;border-left:0px solid #949494;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;background:#ffffff;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);line-height:1.5em;letter-spacing:-0.1px;font-weight:400;text-transform:capitalize;color:#12263a;padding-top:14px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:16px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#12263a;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#12263a;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#12263a;background:#ffffff;border-top-color:#474747;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#474747;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#474747;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#474747;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ff6900;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#ff6900;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:#12263a;background:#ffffff;border-top-color:#abb8c3;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#abb8c3;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#abb8c3;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#abb8c3;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ff6900;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#ff6900;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #949494;border-right:0px solid #949494;border-bottom:1px solid #abb8c3;border-left:0px solid #949494;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#474747;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#474747;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#474747;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#474747;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#abb8c3;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#abb8c3;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#abb8c3;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#abb8c3;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:14px;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #949494;border-right:0px solid #949494;border-bottom:1px solid #abb8c3;border-left:0px solid #949494;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#474747;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#474747;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#474747;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#474747;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#abb8c3;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#abb8c3;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#abb8c3;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#abb8c3;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id2699_2250ce-be kt-accordion-has-19-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-none kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane2699_4fb04a-52\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What is the difference between ACIR and DCIR?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AC internal resistance, measured with a small alternating signal at around one kilohertz, captures essentially the ohmic component: current collectors, tabs, internal welds and connections. DC internal resistance, measured with a current pulse, includes those plus the electrochemical processes that develop over the pulse duration. The DC value is typically several times larger, and the two are not interchangeable.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane2699_a7e0cc-30\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Why do production lines use ACIR rather than DCIR?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because it takes milliseconds, needs no rest period, moves negligible charge and is highly repeatable, which is what sorting thousands of cells an hour requires. It is also very effective at finding the construction defects that matter for pack building, such as poor internal welds and marginal tab connections, since those are exactly the ohmic elements it measures.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane2699_6cc78f-9e\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Why does open circuit voltage need a rest period?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because any current flow leaves the cell polarized, and the terminal voltage then relaxes toward its true resting value over time. Taking a reading before the cell has settled produces a number that looks precise and reflects the recent history of the cell rather than its state of charge.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-11 kt-pane2699_56b4c0-39\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What causes cell test results to drift over time?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usually the fixture rather than the cells. Probe force, tip condition and surface residue all affect contact resistance, and all change gradually with use, so measured values creep upward and sorting bands widen without anything alarming. Measuring stable reference cells at defined intervals catches this, since a changed reading on an unchanged cell indicates tester drift.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-18 kt-pane2699_0fecce-ef\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Why retest cells that arrive with supplier certificates?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because the certificate was issued before transit, storage and any temperature excursions in between; because mis-shipped or mixed batches defeat grading; because the pack designer may need tighter or differently defined bands than the supplier used; and because the pack builder carries the field warranty and therefore needs its own record of what went into each pack.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c645e628e62f8fbab9d9726851472d16 wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Three measurements dominate cell testing in battery production, and they are routinely treated as three ways of checking the same thing. They are not. Each answers a different&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2731,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-2699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cleantech","tag-cleantech"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>OCV, IR and ACIR Testing in Battery Production | Cybernetik<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What OCV, DC and AC internal resistance testing each measure, why ACIR and DCIR are not interchangeable, and the measurement errors that corrupt cell sorting.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"OCV, IR and ACIR Testing in Battery Production | Cybernetik\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What OCV, DC and AC internal resistance testing each measure, why ACIR and DCIR are not interchangeable, and the measurement errors that corrupt cell sorting.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"cybernetik\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=httpswww.cybernetik.comblogcase-packer-machines-used-in-food-and-beverage-industry-in\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-10T06:46:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-10T06:48:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/OCV-IR-and-ACIR-Testing-in-Battery-Production.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"7952\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"5304\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"jay\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"jay\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"OCV, IR and ACIR Testing in Battery Production | Cybernetik","description":"What OCV, DC and AC internal resistance testing each measure, why ACIR and DCIR are not interchangeable, and the measurement errors that corrupt cell sorting.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"OCV, IR and ACIR Testing in Battery Production | Cybernetik","og_description":"What OCV, DC and AC internal resistance testing each measure, why ACIR and DCIR are not interchangeable, and the measurement errors that corrupt cell sorting.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/","og_site_name":"cybernetik","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=httpswww.cybernetik.comblogcase-packer-machines-used-in-food-and-beverage-industry-in","article_published_time":"2026-09-10T06:46:06+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-09-10T06:48:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":7952,"height":5304,"url":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/OCV-IR-and-ACIR-Testing-in-Battery-Production.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"jay","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"jay","Est. reading time":"13 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/"},"author":{"name":"jay","@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/ca1341401740a865850f9833e5848657"},"headline":"OCV, IR and ACIR Testing in Battery Production","datePublished":"2026-09-10T06:46:06+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-10T06:48:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/"},"wordCount":2633,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/OCV-IR-and-ACIR-Testing-in-Battery-Production.webp","keywords":["Cleantech"],"articleSection":["CleanTech"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/","url":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/","name":"OCV, IR and ACIR Testing in Battery Production | Cybernetik","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/OCV-IR-and-ACIR-Testing-in-Battery-Production.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-10T06:46:06+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-10T06:48:33+00:00","description":"What OCV, DC and AC internal resistance testing each measure, why ACIR and DCIR are not interchangeable, and the measurement errors that corrupt cell sorting.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/OCV-IR-and-ACIR-Testing-in-Battery-Production.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/OCV-IR-and-ACIR-Testing-in-Battery-Production.webp","width":7952,"height":5304},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/cleantech\/ocv-ir-acir-battery-cell-testing-in\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"OCV, IR and ACIR Testing in Battery Production"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/","name":"slategray-quetzal-733430.hostingersite.com","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"slategray-quetzal-733430.hostingersite.com","url":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Cybernetik_Website-Update_Division-Logos_Cybernetik-Logo-1.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Cybernetik_Website-Update_Division-Logos_Cybernetik-Logo-1.webp","width":402,"height":68,"caption":"slategray-quetzal-733430.hostingersite.com"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=httpswww.cybernetik.comblogcase-packer-machines-used-in-food-and-beverage-industry-in","https:\/\/wa.me\/?text=CasePackerMachinesUsedintheFoodandBeverageIndustry-Cybernetikhttpswww.cybernetik.comblogcase-packer-machines-used-in-food-and-beverage-industry-in"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/ca1341401740a865850f9833e5848657","name":"jay","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5b99406b352c8f4748e75115608d171b12490c4b92aa7e935200617cd115d15e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5b99406b352c8f4748e75115608d171b12490c4b92aa7e935200617cd115d15e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5b99406b352c8f4748e75115608d171b12490c4b92aa7e935200617cd115d15e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"jay"},"url":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/author\/jayam\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2699"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2733,"href":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2699\/revisions\/2733"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cybernetik.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}